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السبت، 21 مايو 2011

Knuckleboom Loaders


Knuckleboom Loaders



No matter what logging job you’re on, the Caterpillar Loader will make your day more productive, profitable and comfortable.

Engineered Performance
Caterpillar loaders feature swing torque ratings up to nearly 108.4 kNm (80,000 ft-lbs). Combined with swing speeds up to 11 RPM, Caterpillar loaders provide excellent performance in all applications from shortwood loading, to drag loading, and pullthrough delimbing.

Boom Reach
Boom reach ranges from 8.2 m (27') on the 519 up to 10.9 m (36') on the 579.

Rugged, durable operation
The Caterpillar Loader is built using advanced design technology, for the strength and reliability needed to meet the demands of high production delimbing and loading.

Advanced features
Features such as smooth and responsive joystick controls, quiet comfortable operator stations and powerful Cat® engines provide the performance you've grown to expect from Caterpillar machines.

Power Train
Powerful CAT® engines meet applicable EPA emissions standards. Powerful inline 6 cylinder, four-stroke-cycle diesel provides smooth consistent power under challenging conditions in the forest.

Rugged Boom Design
Caterpillar loader booms are built tough with welded high-strength steel. Delimbing booms feature heavy steel castings at the base end, stick end, and cylinder junctions of the main boom.

Grapple Design
Continuous rotation grapples are constructed of wear resistant, high tensile steel with heavy-duty rotators designed for strenuous pull-through delimbing applications.

Subframe Stability
Caterpillar heavy-duty subframes are engineered for high reliability. Lock valves integrated into the stabilizer circuit reduce cylinder movement and increase stability. Wide stabilizer leg spread, large pad size and deep below grade reach provide a stable base.

Track Feller Bunchers & Track Harvesters


Track Feller Bunchers & Track Harvesters



The tilt cab feature allows excellent access for service or daily maintenance needs.

Power Train
The Cat C6.6 ACERT Tier III Engine provides excellent power, fuel economy, serviceability, and durability while meeting Tier III emissions standards.

Operator Station
The unique front entry cab allows for easy entry and exit. Debris does not collect on the reverse slope windshield.

Serviceability
The tilt cab feature allows excellent access for service or daily maintenance needs.

Unobstructed Visibility
The engineered cab forward and rear engine design gives exceptional operator visibility. Better visibility means more production.

Counterweight
A large capacity fuel tank and hydraulic oil tank are integrated into the counterweight design.

Electronic Control System
The IQAN® computer based control system provides precise control of machine and attachment functions through the fully proportional valving system. All gauges are monitored on a single MDL full color screen.

Engineered Productivity
The large heavy-duty swing bearing and high swing torque enhance productivity.

Equipped with dependable Cat
engines, load sensing hydraulics, and factory installed attachments, Caterpillar track harvesters offer the perfect solution for any cut-to-length application.

Undercarriage
The proven x-design carbody and large track system provide strength and durability. Side rails are designed so that debris does not collect. The fully-guarded, forestry-duty high walker undercarriage has integrated welded track guards.

Boom Options
Optional 8.2 m (27’) Telescoping “V” Bottom (5-sided) Harvester Boom. Standard Booms Range from 6.4-7.0 m (21’-23’).

Attachments
A full line of Prentice processor/ harvester heads are available, factory installed. Consult a Prentice Processing Head specification sheet for specific models and carrier application guide.


الخميس، 19 مايو 2011

what is a FM Forest Machines


FM Forest Machines

The D Series incorporates innovations for improved performance, rugged durability and maximum productivity.

Guarding
Factory forestry cab guarding, shoe support guards and heavy-duty access doors help extend component life, reduces downtime and helps to protect your forestry machine investment.

Hydraulics
Forest Machine hydraulic systems are designed to provide reliability, outstanding controllability and proven performance in various forestry applications.

Undercarriage
Heavy Duty link assemblies provide toughness and durability. The FM track will maximize undercarriage life and minimize operating costs.

Structures
Purpose-built carbody design uses the most advanced manufacturing processes, ensuring durability and reliability in the most rugged forestry applications.



Power Train
The Cat® C6.4 with ACERT™ Technology gives the 320D FM exceptional power and fuel efficiency unmatched in the industry. The C6.4 meets U.S. EPA Tier 3 emissions requirements.

Operator Comfort
Spacious purpose built forestry cab with excellent sightlines to the work area with 8 lights and all scratch resistant polycarbonate windows. Certified FOPS to ISO 8084 and SAE 1084, certified OPS to ISO 8083 and SAE J231, certified FOGS to ISO 10262 and SAE J1356, certified TOPS to OR-OSHA code 437-007-0775 TOPS and WCBG602/G603/G604/G608 compliant.

Serviceability
The new FM cooling package provides easy access to all radiator cores for faster cleanouts. Regularly scheduled maintenance extends machine service life and lowers overall operating costs.

Caterpillar Grapples
Cat Log Loading Grapples combined with Cat Forest Machines make the 320D FM flexible, versatile and efficient enough, allowing you to maximize productivity on your forestry job.

Versatility
Designed and purpose-built to meet diverse forestry applications, the 320D FM can help improve productivity in various forestry and millyard applications.



Owning and Operating Costs
Proven fuel efficiency combined with easier access and extended service intervals maximize uptime, reduce operating costs and maximize productivity.

Customer Focus
Down time is minimized by the utilization of a worldwide computer network that can help find in-stock parts and minimize your down time. Your Cat dealer can also offer a wide range of other services that can be set up to meet your equipment needs. The dealer will help choose the plan that can cover everything from machine and attachment selection to replacement.

Wheel Feller Buncher


Wheel Feller Buncher



Cat Feller Bunchers are durable, reliable and agile. With up to 90º articulation and liquid-smooth operation, Cat tractors maneuver easily up and down hills and through dense timber. These rugged, reliable machines are designed for easy maintenance and low operating costs.

Structure

• Designed and built for maximum durability and reliability.
• Proven, long-life center joint with tapered roller bearings.
• Rugged lift system.
• Up to 90؛ articulation for maximum maneuverability in thinning stands.




Work Tool Options

• Saw attachments are power and performance matched to tractor.
• Full line of attachments for all harvesting conditions.

what is a Compact Track Loaders

Compact Track Loaders



Sealed and Pressurized Cab
Sealed and pressurized cab option provides a cleaner and quieter operating environment.

Seat Mounted Adjustable Controls
Ergonomic seat mounted adjustable controls and available air ride seat can be adjusted to meet your personal preference.



Suspended Undercarriage
Suspended undercarriage features low ground pressure so you can work on sensitive surfaces and in soft underfoot conditions.

High Performance Power Train
Increased horsepower and higher torque deliver outstanding performance.

High Flow XPS Hydraulic System
High fl ow XPS hydraulic system available on all models for applications demanding maximum hydraulic work tool performance.

More Work Tools
Caterpillar’s broad range of performance matched work tools make the Cat Compact Track Loader the most versatile machine on the job site.



what is a Forklift truck


Forklift truck 



A forklift (also called a lift truck, a high/low, a stacker-truck, trailer loader, side loader, fork truck, tow-motor or a fork hoist) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and transport materials. The modern forklift was developed in the 1920s by various companies including the transmission manufacturing company Clark and the hoist company Yale & Towne Manufacturing. The forklift has since become an indispensable piece of equipment in manufacturing and warehousing operations.

Forklift components

A typical counterbalanced forklift contains the following components:

  • Truck Frame - is the base of the machine to which the mast, axles, wheels, counterweight, overhead guard and power source are attached. The frame may have fuel and hydraulic fluid tanks constructed as part of the frame assembly. 
  • ·         Counterweight - is a mass attached to the rear of the forklift truck frame. The purpose of the counterweight is to counterbalance the load being lifted. In an electric forklift the large lead-acid battery itself may serve as part of the counterweight.
  • ·         Cab - is the area that contains a seat for the operator along with the control pedals, steering wheel, levers, switches and a dashboard containing operator readouts. The cab area may be open air or enclosed, but it is covered by the cage-like overhead guard assembly. The 'Cab' can also be equipped with a Cab Heater for cold climate countries.
  • ·         Overhead Guard - is a metal roof supported by posts at each corner of the cab that helps protect the operator from any falling objects. On some forklifts, the overhead guard is an integrated part of the frame assembly.
  • ·         Power Source - may consist of an internal combustion engine that can be powered by LP gas, CNG gas, gasoline or diesel fuel. Electric forklifts are powered by either a battery or fuel cells that provides power to the electric motors. The electric motors used on a forklift may be either DC or AC types.
  • ·         Tilt Cylinders - are hydraulic cylinders that are mounted to the truck frame and the mast. The tilt cylinders pivot the mast to assist in engaging a load.
  • ·         Mast - is the vertical assembly that does the work of raising and lowering the load. It is made up of interlocking rails that also provide lateral stability. The interlocking rails may either have rollers or bushings as guides. The mast is driven hydraulically, and operated by one or more hydraulic cylinders directly or using chains from the cylinder/s. It may be mounted to the front axle or the frame of the forklift.
  • ·         Carriage - is the component to which the forks or other attachments mount. It is mounted into and moves up and down the mast rails by means of chains or by being directly attached to the hydraulic cylinder. Like the mast, the carriage may have either rollers or bushings to guide it in the interlocking mast rails.
  • ·         Load Back Rest - is a rack-like extension that is either bolted or welded to the carriage in order to prevent the load from shifting backward when the carriage is lifted to full height.
  • ·         Attachments - may consist of forks or tines that are the L-shaped members that engage the load. A variety of other types of material handling attachments are available. Some attachments include sideshifters, slipsheet attachments, carton clamps, multipurpose clamps, rotators, fork positioners, carpet poles, pole handlers, container handlers and roll clamps.

Forklift control and capabilities

Forklift trucks are available in many variations and load capacities. In a typical warehouse setting most forklifts used have load capacities between one to five tons. Larger machines, up to 50 tons lift capacity are used for lifting heavier loads, including loaded shipping containers.



In addition to a control to raise and lower the forks (also known as blades or tines), the operator can tilt the mast to compensate for a load's tendency to angle the blades toward the ground and risk slipping off the forks. Tilt also provides a limited ability to operate on non-level ground. Skilled forklift operators annually compete in obstacle and timed challenges at regional forklift rodeos


General operations

Forklifts are rated for loads at a specified maximum weight and a specified forward center of gravity. This information is located on a nameplate provided by the manufacturer, and loads must not exceed these specifications. In many jurisdictions it is illegal to remove or tamper with the nameplate without the permission of the forklift manufacturer.

An important aspect of forklift operation is that most have rear-wheel steering. While this increases maneuverability in tight cornering situations, it differs from a driver's traditional experience with other wheeled vehicles. While steering, as there is no caster action, it is unnecessary to apply steering force to maintain a constant rate of turn.

Another critical characteristic of the forklift is its instability. The forklift and load must be considered a unit with a continually varying center of gravity with every movement of the load. A forklift must never negotiate a turn at speed with a raised load, where centrifugal and gravitational forces may combine to cause a disastrous tip-over accident. The forklift are designed with a load limit for the forks which is decreased with fork elevation and undercutting of the load (i.e. load does not butt against the fork "L"). A loading plate for loading reference is usually located on the forklift. A forklift should not be used as a personnel lift without the fitting of specific safety equipment, such as a "cherry picker" or "cage".

what is a Bulldozer (Track Type Tractor )


Bulldozer (Track Type Tractor )



A bulldozer is a crawler (Continuous tracked tractor) equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade) used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc., during construction work and typically equipped at the rear with a claw-like device (known as a ripper) to loosen densely-compacted materials. The term "bulldozer" is often used erroneously to mean any heavy equipment (sometimes a loader and sometimes an excavator), but precisely, the term refers only to a tractor (usually tracked) fitted with a dozer blade. That is the meaning used here.


History

The first bulldozers were adapted from Holt farm tractors that were used to plough fields. The versatility of tractors in soft ground for logging and road building contributed to the development of the armoured tank in World War I.

In 1923, a young farmer named James Cummings and a draftsman named J. Earl McLeod made the first designs for a bulldozer. A replica is on display at the city park in Morrowville, Kansas where the two built the first bulldozer.



By the 1920s, tracked vehicles became common, particularly the Caterpillar 60. To dig canals, raise earth dams, and do other earth moving jobs, these tractors were equipped with a large thick metal plate in front. This metal plate (it got its curved shape later) is called a "blade". The blade peels layers of soil and pushes it forward as the tractor advances. In some early models the driver sat on top in the open without a cabin. There are three main types of bulldozer blades: a U-blade for pushing and carrying dirt relatively long distances, a straight blade for "knocking down" and spreading piles of dirt, and a brush rake for removing brush and roots. These attachments (home-built or built by small equipment manufacturers of attachments for wheeled and crawler tractors and trucks) appeared by 1929. Widespread acceptance of the bull-grader does not seem to appear before the mid-1930s. The addition of power down-force provided by hydraulic cylinders instead of just the weight of the blade made them the preferred excavation machine for large and small contractors alike by the 1940s, by which time the term "bulldozer" referred to the entire machine and not just the attachment.

Over the years, bulldozers got bigger and more powerful in response to the demand for equipment suited for ever larger earthworks. Firms like Caterpillar, Komatsu, Case, JCB, Liebherr, LiuGong, Terex, Fiat-Allis, John Deere and International Harvester manufactured large tracked-type earthmoving machines.

Bulldozers grew more sophisticated as time passed. Important improvements include drivetrains analogous to (in automobiles) an automatic transmission instead of a manual transmission, blades controlled by hydraulic cylinders instead of early models' cable winch/brake, and automatic grade control. Hydraulic cylinders enabled more precise manipulation of the blade and automated controls.

Bulldozers attachment

The most common attachment is a ripper to loosen densely-compacted soils. A large bulldozer usually has only one shank on the ripper, and a small bulldozer usually has multiple shanks. Each shank has a replaceable tooth on its end.

A less common attachment is a stumpbuster, which is a single spike that protrudes horizontally and can be raised to get it (mostly) out of the way. A stumpbuster is used to split a tree stump. A bulldozer with a stumpbuster is used for landclearing operations, and probably has a brush-rake blade.


A more recent innovation is the outfitting of bulldozers with GPS technology, such as manufactured by Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc., Trimble Inc, or Leica Geosystems for precise grade control and (potentially) "stakeless" construction. As a response to the many, -and often varying claims about these systems, The Kellogg Report [3] published in 2010 a detailed comparison of all the manufacturers' systems, evaluating more than 200 features for dozers alone.

The best known maker of bulldozers is probably Caterpillar in the USA, which earned its reputation by making tough, durable, reliable machines. Komatsu, JCB and John Deere are present-day competitors. Although these machines began as modified farm tractors, they became the mainstay for big civil construction projects, and found their way into use by military construction units worldwide. The best known model, the Caterpillar D9, was also used to clear mines and demolish enemy structures.


الجمعة، 13 مايو 2011

Road roller


Road roller



A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is a compactor type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations, similar rollers are used also at landfills or in agriculture.
In some parts of the world, road rollers are still known colloquially as steam rollers, regardless of their method of propulsion. This typically only applies to the largest examples (used for road-making).

Uses

Road rollers use the weight of the vehicle to compress the surface being rolled. Initial compaction of the substrate is done using a pneumatic-tyred roller, with two rows (front and back) of pneumatic tyres. The flexibility of the tyres, with a certain amount of vertical movement of the wheels, enables the roller to operate effectively on uneven ground. The finish is done using metal-drum rollers to ensure a smooth, even result.
Rollers are also used in landfill compaction. Such compactors typically have knobbed ("sheeps-foot") wheels, and do not achieve a smooth surface. The knobs aid in compression due to the smaller area contacting the ground.

Roller Types

             Manual walk-behind
             Powered walk-behind (electric or diesel/gas powered)
             Trench roller (manual units or radio-frequency remote control)
             Ride-on
             Ride-on with knock-down bar
             Ride-on articulating-swivel
             Vibratory
             Pneumatic-tyre
             Tandem roller
             Tractor-mounted and -powered



Drum types

Drums come in various widths: 24-to-84 inches
             Single-drum sheeps/pad-foot (soil)
             Single-drum smooth (asphalt)
             Double-drum (duplex) sheeps/pad-foot (soil)
             Double-drum (duplex) smooth (asphalt)
             3-wheel cleat with bulldozing blade (landfills)



Variations and features

             On some machines, the drums may be filled with water on site to achieve the desired weight. When empty, the lighter machine is easier and cheaper to transport between work sites.
             Additional compaction may be achieved by vibrating the roller drums, making a small, light machine perform as well as a much heavier one. Vibration is typically caused by a free-spinning hydrostatic motor inside the drum to whose shaft eccentric weights have been attached.
             Water lubrication may be provided to the drum surface to prevent (for example) hot asphalt sticking to the drum
             Hydraulic transmissions permit greater design flexibility, while early examples used direct mechanical drives; hydraulics reduce the number of moving parts exposed to contamination.
             Human-propelled rollers may only have a single roller drum.
             Self-propelled rollers may have two drums, mounted one in front of the other (format known as "duplex"), or three rolls, or just one, with the back rollers replaced with treaded pneumatic tyres for increased traction